Heavy metal contamination from open-pit coal mining in Europe's Black Triangle and possible remediation

Abstract

An area heavily impacted by open-pit coal mining was used to demonstrate risks associated with the presence of toxic metals. The area is located in northern Bohemia, Czech Republic, and is currently categorized as among the most deteriorated landscapes on earth. Open-pit mining and the subsequent landscape restoration may present certain risks of contamination with metals, both in the short and long term. A rather uncertain parameter in this is the behaviour of metals deposited in the mining spoil over the long term. A second important factor is that of reduction in the intensity of agricultural production in the region, which leads to remobilization of metals from the soils. The role of wetlands and their management in the landscape is indispensable in controlling metal mobility and distribution. In setting up priorities for remediation, pollution from point sources should be sharply distinguished from the diffused sources. This review includes a description of the intensive remediation techniques suitable for point sources, as well as the extensive techniques applicable to diffused pollution.Key words: heavy metals, open-pit mining, spoil banks, wetlands, risks.