Heat Stress in French Bean and Garden Pea : A Review

Abstract

This review paper addresses the effect of high temperature on pea and similar legumes. The areas covered are field pea and its production, temperature stress effects on New Zealand agriculture, seed vigour which discusses hollow heart and conductivity, high temperature stress on seed germination, threshold temperature, high temperature effects on vegetative growth and reproductive development. This is followed by adaptation mechanisms for high temperature stress, and breeding strategies which cover conventional plant breeding. The quality traits refer to protein, sugars, and the effects of high temperature on the grain composition and quality. Because of various factors related to global climate change, ambient temperatures are expected to rise in the future. Heat stress, which is a serious danger to crop output in most nations, can emerge from these temperature rises. Legumes are well-known for their nutritional and health benefits, as well as their impact on agricultural sustainability. Heat stress is a problem for legume crops because it affects the morphology, physiology, and reproductive growth of the plants. As grain legume agriculture grows to warmer areas and temperature fluctuation increases owing to climate change, high-temperature stress during the reproductive stage is becoming a serious constraint for output. The reproductive stage is critical in the life cycle of all plants, and it is vulnerable to high-temperature stress because many metabolic processes are harmed at this time, resulting in lower crop yields. Flower abortion, pollen and ovule sterility, decreased fertilization, and reduced seed filling are all observed in food legumes exposed to high-temperature stress during reproduction, resulting in smaller seeds and poorer yields. Heat tolerance in major legumes can be improved through several breeding approaches to improve field performance. Understanding the processes of molecular responses to high-temperature stress necessitates the use of omics methods to uncover the pathways behind thermo-tolerance.