Abstract
Objetivou-se avaliar as ilhas de calor e a sua relação com o uso e cobertura da terra na área urbana do município de Santa Maria entre os anos 2005, 2010 e 2015. Utilizou-se para os anos de 2005 e 2010 imagens TM/Landsat 5 e imagens OLI/Landsat 8 para o ano de 2015. O mapeamento do uso e cobertura da terra foi realizado com base no índice NDVI. Para a criação dos mapas de temperatura utilizou-se as bandas termais, sendo elas a banda 6 para Landsat 5 e a banda 10 para Landsat 8, realizando a calibração radiométrica. A emissividade foi obtida associando parâmetros de índice NDVI e posteriormente, foram realizados os cálculos de temperaturas em graus Celsius. O bairro Camobi apresentou faixas de temperaturas inferiores quando comparadas ao bairro Centro. As áreas com temperaturas mais amenas possuíam vegetação arbórea, enquanto que o solo exposto englobou faixas de temperaturas mais elevadas em ambos os bairros. Conclui-se que o bairro Camobi apresenta um grau de resfriamento maior que o Centro, sendo esse de 1 °C nos anos de 2010 e 2015. Evidenciando ainda que as florestas são fundamentais na redução das ilhas de calor em áreas urbanas. A B S T R A C T The goal of this study aimed to evaluate the heat islands and their relationship with land use and land cover in the urban area of Santa Maria between 2005, 2010 and 2015. For the years 2005 and 2010 the images of the TM/Landsat 5 and OLI/Landsat’s 8 for the year 2015 were used. The mapping of land use and land cover was performed based on the NDVI index. For the creation of the temperature maps the thermal bands were used, being band 6 for Landsat 5 and 10 for Landsat 8, performing the radiometric calibration. The emissivity was acquired by associating NDVI index parameters and later, calculations of temperatures in degrees Celsius were performed. The Camobi district presented lower temperature ranges when compared to the Downtown district. Moderate temperatures areas were harbored, whereas the exposed soil encompassed higher temperature ranges in both neighborhoods. It has come to the conclusion that the Camobi district presents a higher degree of cooling than Downtown district, being that of 1 °C in the years 2010 and 2015. It also shows that forests are fundamental in the reduction of heat islands in urban areas. Keywords: Remote sensing. NDVI. Thermal bands.
Highlights
For long man has been migrating from the countryside to the cities, leading to their growth, often fast and disorderly (Pivetta and Silva Filho, 2002), interfering, especially, in the quality of life of the urban population
To determine the surface temperature values (Ts), the radiance values of the thermal band (Landsat 5 and Landsat 8) and the emissivity obtained in the previous step were used
The Downtown area district showed higher surface temperature classes in the years 2010 and 2015 when compared to the Camobi district, which presented a cooling of 1 °C in these dates, attributed to the greater presence of wooded areas in this region, as well as lower concentration of buildings
Summary
For long man has been migrating from the countryside to the cities, leading to their growth, often fast and disorderly (Pivetta and Silva Filho, 2002), interfering, especially, in the quality of life of the urban population. According to Amorin (2005), the transformations in the cities, constitute the most evident form of natural landscape. The constant interference of human action in the urban environment through buildings, paving, pollution and suppression of vegetation is directly responsible for the formation of the urban.
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