Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study is to record material- and surface-dependent heat dissipation during the process of inserting implants into native animal bone. Materials and Methods: Implants made of titanium and zirconium that were identical in macrodesign were inserted under controlled conditions into a bovine rib tempered to 37 °C. The resulting surface temperature was measured on two bone windows by an infrared camera. The results of the six experimental groups, ceramic machined (1), sandblasted (2), and sandblasted and acid-etched surfaces (3) versus titanium implants with the corresponding surfaces (4, 5, and 6) were statistically tested. Results: The average temperature increase, 3 mm subcrestally at ceramic implants, differed with high statistical significance (p = 7.163 × 10−9, resulting from group-adjusted linear mixed-effects model) from titanium. The surface texture of ceramic implants shows a statistical difference between group 3 (15.44 ± 3.63 °C) and group 1 (19.94 ± 3.28 °C) or group 2 (19.39 ± 5.73 °C) surfaces. Within the titanium implants, the temperature changes were similar for all surfaces. Conclusion: Within the limits of an in vitro study, the high temperature rises at ceramic versus titanium implants should be limited by a very slow insertion velocity.
Highlights
Titanium and its alloys have been used successfully in dental implantology for more than five decades, there is increasing demand for a nonmetallic alternative.The alternative material should, retain the good properties of titanium and, if possible, even improve it and eliminate the disadvantages
Patients prioritize high simulation quality for materials used to replace lost tissue. This has led to a similar development in restorative dentistry, inlays and onlays made of gold alloy or crowns and bridges with a metal framework have had excellent long-term clinical results
To ensure that temperature change assessments were comparable with each other, only the implants with insertion torque between 40 and 60 Ncm were included in the analysis
Summary
The alternative material should, retain the good properties of titanium and, if possible, even improve it and eliminate the disadvantages These primarily include the color, which can cause a greyish discoloration of the peri-implant soft tissue in the esthetic area, leading to the patient’s perception that the replaced tooth root is made of metal. Patients prioritize high simulation quality for materials used to replace lost tissue This has led to a similar development in restorative dentistry, inlays and onlays made of gold alloy or crowns and bridges with a metal framework have had excellent long-term clinical results. Their importance is increasingly diminishing because they are being replaced by all-ceramic restorations, as patients perceive ceramic to simulate tooth hardness much better than metal. Even metal crowns and bridge frameworks that are nonvisible, because they are fully veneered, have increasingly been replaced by high-strength ceramic versions
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