Abstract
New methods to measure local heat flux per unit area over the waterwall surface of a close-coupled furnace of a power boiler are proposed. A new class of heterogeneous gradient heat flux sensors (HGHFS) based on the transverse Seebeck effect is presented. The theory of HGHFSs, their design, and application in boiler technology are described. Laboratory tests of heat flux sensor modules are performed. For the first time, gradient heat flux measurements have been made in the furnace of the boiler (total power − 210 tons of water steam per hour) at Thermal Electric Power Plant No. 4 in the Kirov city, Russia. The efficiency of a HGHFS during continuous operation, as well as its ability to be an indicator of fouling and cleaning of the furnace surface is confirmed.
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