Abstract
In this paper, we investigate heat and mass transfer in a magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow due to an impulsively started stretching surface. The flow is subject to a heat source, a chemical reaction, Brownian motion and thermophoretic parameters which are assumed to be significant. We have further assumed that the nanoparticle volume fraction at the wall may be actively controlled. The physical problem is modeled using systems of nonlinear differential equations which have been solved numerically using the spectral relaxation method. Comparing with previously published results by Khan and Pop (Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 53:2477-2483, 2010) shows an excellent agreement. Some of the particular findings are that the skin friction coefficient decreases with an increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction, the heat transfer coefficient decreases with an increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction and that the mass transfer coefficient increases with an increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction.
Highlights
The term nanofluid denotes a liquid in which nanoscale particles are suspended in a base fluid with low thermal conductivity such as water, oils and ethylene glycol
The thermophysical properties of the nanofluids used in the numerical simulations are given in Table
To determine the accuracy of our numerical results, the heat and the mass transfer coefficients are compared with the published results of Khan and Pop [ ] in Tables and
Summary
The term nanofluid denotes a liquid in which nanoscale particles are suspended in a base fluid with low thermal conductivity such as water, oils and ethylene glycol. The concept of nanofluid has been proposed as a route for increasing the performance of heat transfer liquids. Choi [ ] initially pointed out that addition of these nanoparticles to the base fluid appreciably enhances the effective thermal conductivity of the fluid. A nonhomogenous equilibrium model proposed by Buongiorno [ ] revealed that the massive increase in the thermal conductivity occurs due to the presence of two main effects; namely the Brownian diffusion and the thermophoretic diffusion of nanoparticles. The study of a steady boundary layer flow of a nanofluid towards a stretching sheet was reported by Khan and Pop [ ]. Radiation effects on the viscous flow of a nanofluid and heat transfer over a nonlinearly stretching sheet were studied by Hady et al [ ].
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