Abstract

The paper describes the appearance, properties, and ultrastructure of red oak heartwood containing dark discolorations. The possible cause and origin of discoloration are discussed, although the etiology of the stain is not explicit. It was found that the heartwood stain moves from ray parenchyma to adjoining vessels, fibers, and tracheids by the pit membranes and plasmodesmata. It appears that there may be extended openings in the pit membrane which may facilitate the movement of materials through such a specialized filamentous structure. Internal checking or honeycomb as an indirect result of the discoloring material is mentioned.

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