Abstract
To explore the contextual factors influencing health-seeking behavior of women in Karachi regarding reproductive tract infections, 18 women with reproductive tract infections from different clinics and community settings were identified and in-depth interviews were conducted. Physicians in our study diagnosed a woman to have lower reproductive tract infection if she complained of malodorous vaginal discharge with or without perineal itching; and to have pelvic inflammatory disease or upper reproductive tract infection if she had any two of the following complaints: malodorous vaginal discharge, menstrual irregularities, lower abdominal pain or dyspareunia. Women consulted a variety of healthcare providers in their pursuit for treatment, mainly allopathic doctors and hakims. The different treatments prescribed to women ranged from oral and intravaginal medications to various home remedies including refraining from specific foods. Causes of reproductive tract infections reported were “melting bones”, consuming foods with perceived hot composition, poor personal hygiene and procedures like dilatation and curettage, delivery and induced abortions. None reported sexually transmitted diseases as the perceived cause of their problem. Interference with religious activities, sexual relationships or socializing was reported as consequences of reproductive tract infections, in addition to lower abdominal pain, menstrual irregularities, backache and kamzori (weakness). Pakistani women seek care for reproductive tract infections and visit a variety of providers, though causes and treatments offered are usually not related to sexually transmitted diseases. We therefore suggest training of healthcare providers for appropriate counseling and that treatment management protocols be advocated.
Highlights
Reproductive tract infections (RTIs), a global health problem, is a generic term that covers three types of infections: sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), infections that result from overgrowth of organisms normally present in the reproductive tract, and infections associated with medical procedures, including abortions and insertion of intrauterine devices (Tsui, Wasserheit, & Haaga, 1997)
Among the 18 women interviewed, 12 presented with vaginal discharge (LRTI) and the remainder met our criteria for PID (Appendix B)
Women with PID, who had menstrual disorders like menorrhagia, irregular bleeding or dysmenorrhea as one of their reported symptoms, sought care earlier than those who did not report these menstrual disorders in addition to other symptoms such as malodorous vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain or dyspareunia
Summary
Reproductive tract infections (RTIs), a global health problem, is a generic term that covers three types of infections: sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), infections that result from overgrowth of organisms normally present in the reproductive tract, and infections associated with medical procedures, including abortions and insertion of intrauterine devices (Tsui, Wasserheit, & Haaga, 1997). Physiological and social factors make women more vulnerable than men to infection with STDs and reproductive tract infections (RTIs). It is more difficult to diagnose STDs and RTIs in women as, often, infections occur asymptomatically (Natraj, 1994a). According to a WHO estimate, in 1995, at least 333 million new cases of curable STDs had occurred globally, 150 million of which were in South and Southeast Asia (WHO, 1995).
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
