Health risks in professional sports

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The main causes of occupational diseases of athletes are analyzed in the article. The necessity of medico-biological control over the training of athletes, especially in professional sports, is shown. It was determined that the training process is a physical stimulus that actively affects almost all functional systems of the body. Physical training with a large volume and high intensity of the performed work - causes sharp changes in the body and in the absence of medical and biological control and improper construction of the training process can lead to the breakdown of compensatory mechanisms and irreversible violations of physiological functions. It is noted that the main pathogenetic mechanism of the development of a chronic professional disease of an athlete is physical overstrain, and repeated, systematic, long-term traumatization and microtraumatization of various organs and systems of the body. Many sports injuries are caused by force impacts that exceed the limits of the physiological resistance of human tissues and lead to a violation of their structure and function.
 The external and internal causes that cause occupational diseases of athletes are shown, namely deficiencies and errors in the methodology of conducting classes, deficiencies in the organization of classes and competitions, inferior material and technical support, unfavorable hygienic and meteorological conditions, improper behavior of athletes, violations of medical requirements and congenital characteristics of the athlete, as well as changes in his condition that occur during training and competitions under the influence of adverse external or other factors. The most common health disorders associated with occupational risk factors in sports are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the danger of sudden death during various sports and the reasons for its occurrence are given. The obtained data can be used for further research on the problem of occupational risks for the health of athletes in high-performance sports and the need for a detailed individualized study of the causes and pathogenesis of diseases and injuries of athletes. On the basis of such individualization, it is important to regulate sports loads and develop preventive and restorative measures.