Health Effect of N-Nitroso Diethylamine in Treated Water on Gut Microbiota Using a Simulated Human Intestinal Microbiota System

Dedong Wang,Xiaotong Li,Zhendong Wu,Chongshan Guo,Lili Sun,Jinhua Zhou,Yi Zhong,Qin Li,Yanting Jiang,Shuxue Li,Lin Zhang,Di Wu,Weiyun He

doi:10.3390/pr10030438

Abstract

Chlorination disinfection byproducts (CDBPs) can exert adverse human health effects. Many toxicology-based studies confirmed the health hazards of CDBPs, but little research has been done on gut microbiome. We explored the effect of CDBPs on intestinal microbiota in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME). The results showed that CDBPs slightly inhibited the production of short-chain fatty acids, and the abundance of Actinobacteria decreased in the transverse colon and descending colon. The abundance of Proteobacteria increased in the ascending colon and descending colon, while it decreased in the transverse colon. The abundance of Firmicutes decreased in both the ascending colon and descending colon. In particular, the abundance of Lachnospiraceae members, Bilophila, Oscillospira, Parabacteroides, Desulfovibrio, and Roseburia increased in the ascending colon, while the abundance of Sutterella, Bacteroides, Escherichia, Phascolarctobacterium, Clostridium, Citrobacter, and Klebsiella increased in the descending colon. The Shannon index differed significantly in both the ascending colon and descending colon before and after exposure. Overall, we demonstrate the feasibility of applying the SHIME model to studying the effects of intestinal toxicity on health of chlorinated by-products. The findings of this study improve our understanding of the health impact of CDBPs on the intestinal microbiota and better control of CDBPs in treated water is recommended.

Highlights

The safety of drinking water has long been concerned due to its important influence on human health
Chlorinated disinfection byproducts (CDBPs) of disinfection can form from substitution, addition, and oxidation reactions between chemical disinfectants and naturally occurring organic matter in the water
At the genus level (Figure 1B), the abundance of Lachnospiraceae members, Bilophila, Oscillospira, Parabacteroides, Desulfovibrio, and Roseburia increased in the ascending colon, while that of Sutterella, Bacteroides, Escherichia, Phascolarctobacterium, Clostridium, Citrobacter, and Klebsiella increased in the descending colon

Summary

Introduction

The safety of drinking water has long been concerned due to its important influence on human health. The specific relationship between water purification byproducts and human health remains unclear. Chlorine or chlorine dioxide is typically used as the primary disinfectant of drinking water disinfection with monochloramine as a residual disinfectant [1]. Chlorinated disinfection byproducts (CDBPs) of disinfection can form from substitution, addition, and oxidation reactions between chemical disinfectants and naturally occurring organic matter in the water. Chlorine can oxidize organic matter to trihalomethanes and other chlorinated disinfection byproducts such as haloacetic acid [2,3,4]. Some CDBPs can dysregulate the immune system [8,9,10,11], and haloacetic acid can damage DNA in rat ovary cells [12]

Methods

Results

Conclusion