HDL-IDS: A Hybrid Deep Learning Architecture for Intrusion Detection in the Internet of Vehicles.

Safi Ullah,William J Buchanan,Muazzam A Khan,Muhammad Tahir Hassan,Jawad Ahmad,Arshad Arshad,Nikolaos Pitropakis,Sajjad Shaukat Jamal,Zil E Huma

doi:10.3390/s22041340

Abstract

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is an application of the Internet of Things (IoT) network that connects smart vehicles to the internet, and vehicles with each other. With the emergence of IoV technology, customers have placed great attention on smart vehicles. However, the rapid growth of IoV has also caused many security and privacy challenges that can lead to fatal accidents. To reduce smart vehicle accidents and detect malicious attacks in vehicular networks, several researchers have presented machine learning (ML)-based models for intrusion detection in IoT networks. However, a proficient and real-time faster algorithm is needed to detect malicious attacks in IoV. This article proposes a hybrid deep learning (DL) model for cyber attack detection in IoV. The proposed model is based on long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU). The performance of the proposed model is analyzed by using two datasets—a combined DDoS dataset that contains CIC DoS, CI-CIDS 2017, and CSE-CIC-IDS 2018, and a car-hacking dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves higher attack detection accuracy of 99.5% and 99.9% for DDoS and car hacks, respectively. The other performance scores, precision, recall, and F1-score, also verify the superior performance of the proposed framework.

Highlights

Internet of Things (IoT) is an advanced technology that connects smart devices to the internet, such as the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), wireless cameras, and other electronic devices
The first experiment was conducted for the inter-vehicular networks, which was for binary class detection distributed denial of service (DDoS) and benign
DDoS attack is famous for bringing the whole network down

Summary

Introduction

Internet of Things (IoT) is an advanced technology that connects smart devices to the internet, such as the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), wireless cameras, and other electronic devices. A basic framework for communications between vehicular networks is IoV [4]. It establishes a dependable network transmission between vehicles [5]. The IoV network consists of two sub-networks—intra-vehicle network and inter-vehicular network. The intra-vehicle network involves internal electronic devices and sensors of a vehicle, which are connected to a centralized controller for message transmission and performing a specific task [6]. While an inter-vehicular network connects a vehicle to external devices using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology. V2X allows communication between vehicles and other communicative devices, such as signal antennas and other roadside infrastructure [7,8]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion