Abstract
This article studied the application of multiple protocol switching mechanism (PSM) over cooperating Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) networks to minimize the probability of outage and maximize the system throughput and energy efficiency (EE). This study investigated six scenarios: (1) a cooperative NOMA system with half-duplex (HD) and decode-and-forward (DF) protocols at the relay; (2) a cooperative NOMA system with full-duplex (FD) and DF protocols at the relay; (3) a cooperative NOMA system with HD and amplification amplify-and-forward (AF) with fixed-gain (FG) protocols at the relay; (4) a cooperative NOMA system with HD and amplification AF with variable-gain (VG) protocols at the relay; (5) a cooperative NOMA system with FD and amplification AF with FG protocols at the relay; (6) a cooperative NOMA system with FD and amplification AF with VG protocols at the relay. Based on the results of analysis and simulations, the study determined the transmission scenario for best system performance. This paper also proposed a mechanism to switch between HD/FD and DF/AF with FG/VG protocols in order to improve the quality of service (QoS) for users with a weak conditional channel. This mechanism can be deployed in future 5G wireless network sensors. Finally, EE was also assessed in relation to future green-wireless networks (G-WNs).
Highlights
Given the efficiency of superior spectral sharing and the possibility for a large number of connections at the same time slot/frequency [1,2], Non-Orthogonal Multi-Access technology (NOMA)in future wireless networks (5G) could serve a large user base
In a green-wireless networks (G-WNs) network, devices must consume the least amount of energy for the total amount of data transferred and still ensure quality of service (QoS) for users
Six relay scenarios deployed in a cooperative NOMA system were examined
Summary
In future wireless networks (5G) could serve a large user base. NOMA’s main technology is a superimposed signal sent to all users in a network by multiplexing the channel in the same power domain, but is different in terms of power factors [3]. The end device, which has stronger conditional channel, is allocated a lower power coefficient than other devices and performs successive interference cancellation (SIC) by treating other users’ information as interference before detecting its own information [4]. The user, which has the weakest channel condition, only has to decode its own information by applying SIC. A complete survey in the field of NOMA includes early introduction, recent technologies and future research trends, especially discussions about NOMA’s outstanding advantages over previous technologies [5]. The authors analyzed the system performance based on resource allocation [6,7]
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