Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis worsens ovaries in polycystic ovary syndrome patients compared to Anti-M\xfcllerian hormone levels

Aliye Nigar Serin,Feyza Tekeli,Süheyla Görar,Aysel Uysal,Özer Birge

doi:10.1186/s12902-021-00706-9

Abstract

BackgroundThe human ovary is the target of autoimmune attack in cases of autoimmune disorders, which can cause ovarian dysfunction. Due to the higher prevalence of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT) in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) patients, we aimed to evaluate ovarian reserve and the effect of autoimmune exposure time on ovarian reserve in PCOS patients with HT by Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels.MethodsForty-six PCOS patients and 46 PCOS with HT diagnosed patients who are between 18 and 35 years old were recruited for this study. Detailed medical histories were obtained from all participants. Polycystic ovary image was evaluated and antral follicles were counted by transvaginal ultrasound. Modified Ferriman Gallwey score, body mass index, waist/hip ratio of the patients were examined. Hormonal, biochemical profiles and AMH levels of the patients were evaluated during the early follicular phase. The data of both groups were statistically analyzed with SPSS 18.0.Results20 (43.5%) patients in the PCOS group were fertile, 8 (17.4%) patients in the PCOS + HT group were fertile, fertility rate was significantly lower in PCOS + HT group. The mean AMH value was 8.8 ± 8.8 in the PCOS + HT group and 12.4 ± 8.1 in the PCOS group and it was significantly lower in the PCOS + HT group (p = 0.043). AMH values were significantly negatively correlated with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) level and the duration of HT. There was a significant positive correlation between the anti-TPO level and the duration of HT.ConclusıonWe pointed out that the coexistence of PCOS and HT, two prevalent diseases of reproductive age, further diminished ovarian reserve. More exposure of the ovaries to autoantibodies can cause ovarian destruction, similar to the thyroid gland like HT. Because of all these close relations with PCOS and thyroid dysfunctions, we recommend evaluating both thyroid autoantibodies and hormone levels in PCOS patients at the first visit. Patients with PCOS + HT should be monitored more closely to determine the fertility treatment options and control premature ovarian failure (POF) table.

Highlights

The human ovary is the target of autoimmune attack in cases of autoimmune disorders, which can cause ovarian dysfunction
While 26 (56.5%) patients in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) + Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT) group had a family history of autoimmune thyroiditis, 11 (23.9%) patients in the PCOS group had a history of autoimmune thyroiditis in the family (p = 0.001)
Several studies suggest a role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of PCOS and women with PCOS have a 5-fold higher risk of HT [3, 18,19,20]

Summary

Introduction

The human ovary is the target of autoimmune attack in cases of autoimmune disorders, which can cause ovarian dysfunction. Due to the higher prevalence of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT) in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) patients, we aimed to evaluate ovarian reserve and the effect of autoimmune exposure time on ovarian reserve in PCOS patients with HT by Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. Inflammatory and autoimmune causes are reported because of its close association with insulin resistance and thyroid disorders [3]. Poppe et al reported that thyroid autoantibodies are significantly higher in infertile patients [12]. As it is a reason for medically treatable infertility, the close relationship between PCOS and autoimmune thyroid diseases seems to be crucial [13]

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