Hasan el-Bennâ Düşünceleri Çerçevesinde İslam Siyasi Düşünce Alanında Evrenselcilik ve Milliyetçilik

Abstract

The modern theoretical ideas of nationalism and universalism came into being as a result of movement that emerged in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries. They started to have consequences on the Muslim world, notably in the Middle East, following events such as Arab nationalism, which occurred during and after World War I. Subsequently, this issue is significant as regards the comprehension of modern Islamic thought and nationalism, and the relationship between Islam and the West. However, scholars of the Muslim community were initially opposed to the notion of nationalism, due to its western origin, believing that it would have a negative effect on the ummah in the Islamic world. The supporting the ideology of universalism against the nationalistic movement, intended to prevent the disruption of the state and to prevent the religious perception of Islam being dominated only by Arabs. Hasan al-Banna and other scholars have sought to interpret universalism and nationalism within the framework of Islamic thought. The aim of this article is to discuss the concepts of nationalism and universalism within the framework of political Islamic thought established by Hasan al- Banna’s views. Consequently, nationalism, described by Hasan al-Banna as qawmiyya, has been evaluated to be equivalent to patriotism, which strengthens social relations. Furthermore, Hasan al-Banna’s idea of universalism within the framework of Islamic thought, is based on brotherhood, Al- Bana stated that we are all brothers, racial nationalism is detrimental, and that no one is superior over others.