Abstract
The objective of this research was to determine the effect of biochar on the seedling quality index and growth of neem tree seedlings and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) development grown on ultisol soil medium. Two factors in completely randomised experimental design was conducted under green house conditions and Duncan Multiple Range Test was used to analyse the data. The results showed that neem seedling quality index was improved by interaction of AMF fungi and biochar amandment. The growth of neem seedling was significantly increased by interactions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar. The combination treatment of Glomus etunicatum and biochar 10% gave best results of height and diameter, and significantly increased by 712% and 303% respectively, as compared to control plant, while the combination treatment of Gigaspora margarita and biochar 10% gave the best result of shoot dry weight, and root dry weight and significantly increase by 4,547% and 6,957% as compared to control plant. The mycorrhizal root colonization was increased with increasing biochar added, but decreases when 15% of biochar was applied. N, P, and K uptake of 12 weeks neem seedling old was higher and significantly increased as compared to control plant.
Highlights
IntroductionIn the year 2003, Mount Halimun-National Park (MHNP)
In the year 2003, Mount Halimun-National Park (MHNP)area was expanded from 40,000-113,357 ha in accordance with the decree issued by the Indonesia's Ministry of Forestry Number 175/Kpts-II/2003 as one entity called Mount Halimun-Salak National Park (MHSNP)
Community involvement in the collection of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in national parks implicated to the increasing of the forest communities revenue and the forests will be maintained since public can get benefits from forest resources
Summary
In the year 2003, Mount Halimun-National Park (MHNP). Area was expanded from 40,000-113,357 ha in accordance with the decree issued by the Indonesia's Ministry of Forestry Number 175/Kpts-II/2003 as one entity called Mount Halimun-Salak National Park (MHSNP). The pine and damar species is an exotic plant in the national park (Sunaryo et al 2012). An area designated as a national park has 3 benefits, namely the ecological, economic, and social benefits. In the philosophical concept, the national park is used as much as possible to improve the welfare of the communities, even though in operational practice, it is not realized. The consequences of national park expansion is the loss of public access rights to work on farmland that has been long done (Rahmawati et al 2008)
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