Abstract
Profenofos as an organophosphorus insecticide has been used in the agricultural countries as Egypt, may find its way to water system and adversely effect on aquatic life particularly fish. Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus as a major fish species in River Nile and one of the major sources of protein for human beings in Egypt, and it can also be a source of threaten to human health. Transport profenofos directly to tilapia fish may affect their physiological status and then fish production. The mortality of profenofos toxicity was estimated on tilapia and LC50 was detected as 0.87 mg/l. Also fish were exposed to 1/2 LC50 for 96 hrs and to 1/10 LC50 for 28 days and lastly were left after the chronic toxicity for another 28 days as recovery period. The increase of blood glucose was accompanied with decrease in liver and muscles glycogen throughout the acute and chronic trail periods. Fish showed also highly significant decrease in serum total protein and globulin with increasing in albumin and A/G ratio. A sharp elevation in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid with decrease in serum total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol were also recorded. Lastly gradual and sharp elevation in the levels of serum enzymes, S-AST, S-ALT and S-ALP was revealed in profenofos-exposed tilapia. Same behavior as S-AST and S-ALT were in liver transaminases (L-AST & L-ALT). Our study revealed adverse change of metabolism in tilapia due to profenofos exposure. This may inform about the dangerous use of profenofos and limitations should be managed.
Highlights
Egypt which is mainly an agricultural country has relied heavily on pesticides to control harmful pests mainly to cotton, maize, rice, wheat, bean and other cultivations [1]
The present study showed hyperglycemia after both acute and chronic exposure to profenofos in Nile tilapia
It attributed that response to increase in liver synthesis, disturbances in liver function or the immune response to pesticide which led to an increase in the formation of protein-insecticide complex [27]
Summary
Egypt which is mainly an agricultural country has relied heavily on pesticides to control harmful pests mainly to cotton, maize, rice, wheat, bean and other cultivations [1]. Oreochromis niloticus as a major fish species in River Nile, well marketable and are one of the major sources of protein for human beings in Egypt, and it can be a source of threaten to human health by transporting the toxic material directly to consumers due to the bioaccumulation of pesticides in its flesh to a level that affects their physiological status and fish production [5]. The aim of this study were to show the effects of acute and chronic toxicity of organophosphorus pesticide (profenofos) on biochemical analysis and enzymatic activities of serum and liver of Nile tilapia, O. niloticus
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