Hardy exotics species in temperate zone: can "warm water" crayfish invaders establish regardless of low temperatures?

Lukáš Veselý,Miloš Buřič,Antonín Kouba

doi:10.1038/srep16340

Abstract

The spreading of new crayfish species poses a serious risk for freshwater ecosystems; because they are omnivores they influence more than one level in the trophic chain and they represent a significant part of the benthic biomass. Both the environmental change through global warming and the expansion of the pet trade increase the possibilities of their spreading. We investigated the potential of four “warm water” highly invasive crayfish species to overwinter in the temperate zone, so as to predict whether these species pose a risk for European freshwaters. We used 15 specimens of each of the following species: the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), the marbled crayfish (Procambarus fallax f. virginalis), the yabby (Cherax destructor), and the redclaw (Cherax quadricarinatus). Specimens were acclimatized and kept for 6.5 months at temperatures simulating the winter temperature regime of European temperate zone lentic ecosystems. We conclude that the red swamp crayfish, marbled crayfish and yabby have the ability to withstand low winter temperatures relevant for lentic habitats in the European temperate zone, making them a serious invasive threat to freshwater ecosystems.

Highlights

The spreading of new crayfish species poses a serious risk for freshwater ecosystems; because they are omnivores they influence more than one level in the trophic chain and they represent a significant part of the benthic biomass
Not as well studied, other alien crayfish species, e.g., the marbled crayfish Procambarus fallax f. virginalis, yabby Cherax destructor and the redclaw Cherax quadricarinatus etc. are considered to cause detrimental impacts once established in the natural environment[8], these new invaders warrant more attention relative to potential regulation or management
We focused on four non-European crayfish species that can be considered as “warm water” from the Central European perspective; their recent geographic distribution supports this view[24]

Summary

Introduction

The spreading of new crayfish species poses a serious risk for freshwater ecosystems; because they are omnivores they influence more than one level in the trophic chain and they represent a significant part of the benthic biomass. Both the environmental change through global warming and the expansion of the pet trade increase the possibilities of their spreading. We conclude that the red swamp crayfish, marbled crayfish and yabby have the ability to withstand low winter temperatures relevant for lentic habitats in the European temperate zone, making them a serious invasive threat to freshwater ecosystems. While the distribution models based on laboratory studies are not fully predictive, they provide evidence that European conditions might already be suitable for warm water crayfish with further increasing suitability in the future

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Discussion

Conclusion