Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) (⩽15 keV) at SpLine, the Spanish CRG beamline at the ESRF

Abstract

In this contribution we present the actual status of the SpLine project devoted to the implementation of hard (⩽15 keV) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) in combination with surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) at the Spanish CRG beamline (SpLine) at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). The beamline is located at the bending magnet D25 at the ESRF and can be operated in the X-ray energy range 5–45 keV. The main project goals are the detection of very high kinetic energy photoelectrons up to 15 keV, in particular the simultaneous detection of the diffracted photons and photo-emitted electrons. Therefore, special effort has been devoted to develop a novel electron analyzer, capable of working at very high as well as low energies. The analyzer is a sector of a Cylindrical Mirror Analyzer (CSA300HV) with a five-elements retarding-lens system and a very compact size compared to standard hemispherical analyzers. Additionally, an ultra-high-vacuum system has been constructed which will simultaneously fulfill the requirements for HAXPES and SXRD. The vacuum chamber has two Be windows so that the in-coming and out-going X-ray beam will hit the sample and the X-ray detector, respectively. The complete system will be installed on a massive 2S+3D diffractometer. Photoelectron spectroscopy and SXRD can be operated either simultaneously or independently from each other. Test experiments with a UV discharge lamp and a RHEED electron gun have been conducted demonstrating that the analyzer performs satisfactorily. The whole set-up is in the commissioning phase and full operation is expected in the course of 2005.