Hanle effect in spectrally broadened light.

Abstract

We have carried out experimental and theoretical investigations of the Hanle effect in the {sup 1}S{sub 0}{r arrow}{sup 3}P{sub 1} transition at {lambda}=555.6 nm in {sup 174}Yb, emphasizing the dependence of the Hanle signal on the intensity and on the statistical parameters of a well-characterized phase-diffusing optical field. The phase and frequency fluctuations imposed on the laser beam by a system of modulators are described by two parameters corresponding to the bandwidth {beta} and the spectral density {ital b} of the noise spectrum. The shape of the laser power spectrum is continuously variable between nearly Gaussian ({ital b}/{beta}{much gt}1) and nearly Lorentzian ({ital b}/{beta}{much lt}1). Measurements are made with a well-collimated Yb atomic beam crossed at right angles by a linearly polarized laser beam. In accord with theoretical predictions, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Hanle effect coherence dip is found to increase as the square root of the laser intensity for monochromatic excitation. For a given intensity, the FWHM decreases as the laser bandwidth increases. With the same laser intensity and spectral width, the FWHM of the Hanle coherence dip increases as the laser spectral profile approaches the Gaussian limit, particularly when {beta}/2{pi} is within anmore » order of magnitude of the natural width of the atomic line. The Hanle signal shapes agree well with theoretical calculations using a Brownian motion phase-diffusion model of the laser field. For large {beta}, it suffices to apply substitution rules for simple phase diffusion to the density-matrix equations.« less