Handgrip strength is associated with metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and elderly community-dwelling persons

Abstract

The association of low muscle strength with cardio-metabolic risks remains controversial. The present study included 742 men aged 70 ± 9 years and 937 women aged 70 ± 8 years from a rural village. We examined the cross-sectional relationship between relative muscle strength defined by handgrip strength (HGS)/body weight (BW) ratio, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) based on the modified criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP) III report and its components. Of these, 203 men (27.4%) and 448 women (47.8%) had MetS. In men, increasing quartile of HGS/BW ratio was significantly and independently associated with high waist circumference {odds ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.24–0.41} and elevated triglyceridemia (0.71, 0.59–0.86). In women, it was also significantly and independently associated with high waist circumference (0.41; 0.36–0.48), high blood pressure (0.78; 0.66–0.92), Low HDL-cholesterolemia (0.84; 0.73–0.98) and elevated triglyceridemia (0.65; 0.53–0.79). In both genders, the prevalence of MetS significantly decreased in relation to increasing HGS/BW ratio. After adjustment for age, smoking status, drinking status, LDL-C, estimated glomerular filtration ratio (eGFR), and medication, the respective odds ratio (95% CI) for the quartile of HGS/BW ratio for MetS was 1.00, 0.54 (0.34–0.85), 0.32 (0.19–0.53), and 0.16 (0.09–0.29) in men, and 1.00, 0.76 (0.50–1.16), 0.33 (0.22–0.51), and 0.16 (0.10–0.25) in women. These results suggest that HGS/BW ratio was significantly and negatively associated with an increased risk of cardio-metabolic disorders in Japanese-community dwelling persons.