Association between the triglyceride–glucose index and carotid artery plaque burden in patients with primary hypertension: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Studies have shown an association between the triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index and carotid artery plaque (CAP). However, the relationship between the TyG index and plaque burden in individuals with primary hypertension remains uncertain. Our study specifically aimed to explore this relationship among primary hypertension patients. Methods This study involved 5,153 hospitalized patients diagnosed with primary hypertension who were undergoing treatment at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine. We utilized multivariate logistic regression, penalized spline regression, and generalized additive models to assess the association between the TyG index and CAP burden. Results There were 2,400 patients with primary hypertension in all. The multivariate study, which took into account all covariables, showed a positive correlation between the TyG index and CAP (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04–1.5). When the TyG index was evaluated as quartiles, the risk of CAP in the Q3 and Q4 levels of the TyG index were 1.4 (95% CI: 1.03–1.91) and 1.54 (95% CI: 1.11–2.14) times greater than in the Q1 level after adjusting for all covariables (P for trend < .05). Regardless of whether the TyG index was used as a continuous variable or a categorical variable, it has no significant association with the risk of single plaque after adjusting for all confounders (p ≥ .05). The TyG index was found to be substantially correlated with the presence of multiple plaques when analyzed as a continuous variable (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.09–1.59, p = .004). When the TyG index was evaluated as quartiles, the adjusted OR in Q3 and Q4 were 1.49 (95% CI: 1.06–2.1) and 1.67 (95% CI: 1.16–2.41), respectively, with Q1 as reference (P for trend = .005). The relationship between the TyG index and the presence of multiple plaques is also consistent in all subgroups. Conclusion The TyG index is positively associated with the presence of multiple plaques in patients with primary hypertension, whereas no association is found between the TyG index and the presence of a single carotid plaque.