Halobacterium sp. NRC-1: A Review

Shahid Raza,Ayesha Ameen,Hira Mubeen

doi:10.7439/ijasr.v3i3.4048

Abstract

Halobacteriumsp. NRC-1 is the halophilic bacterium. This halophile has a great potential to survive on high salinity conditions. The genome of this bacterium has sequenced. The studies have done at metagenomics level, which include the Identification and Molecular Characterization. Identification of this extreme halophile was done by 16S ribotyping and PCR amplification using universal primers FD1 and rP1. The sequences than compared with already sequenced genomes of halophiles. The post genomic tools and microarrays were applied for sequencing. Halobacteriumsp. NRC-1 transcriptional profiling showed that it is highly responsive to the environment and give specific responses at gene expression level. There is a need for extensive research at metaproteomic level. To study the expression and function of proteins, whole protein profiling of this specie need to be studied.

Highlights

When protoplasmic components become resistant to salt, this phenomenon is called halotolerant
The bacteria or other microbes that tolerate the salinity of 100 g/L are considered as halophiles
Some post genomic methods were developed after the complete sequencing of the Halobacterium sp

Summary

Introduction

When protoplasmic components become resistant to salt, this phenomenon is called halotolerant. These microbes are very effective in the treatment of waste water [4] They have tolerance to degrade organic and inorganic pollutants [5]. NRC-1 is an extreme halophile (with a 4.3 M NaCl optimum) that grows best heterotrophically in a rich organic broth This organism’s metabolism is versatile in addition to its aerobic metabolic capacity; it possesses facultative growth capabilities through anaerobic respiration by arginine fermentation utilizing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). It has phototrophic capability through the light-driven proton pumping activity of the retinal protein, bacteriorhodopsin, which is organized into a two-dimensional crystalline array in its purple membrane. NRC-1 responds to many environmental effectors, including high and low temperatures and salinities, and ultraviolet (UV) and ionizing radiation [6]

Genome Sequencing

Protein profiling

Low and high salinity effect on genes

Conclusion