Halo definition of homogeneous beams through energy distributions

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This work presents an energy criterion to define the halo of homogeneous and mismatched charged particle beams. In the simulations used in this work, the beam is considered to be azimuthally symmetric, initially cold and is confined by an external constant magnetic field inside a cylindrical conducting pipe. The energy criterion is established through the analysis of the beam energy distributions with time. The obtained results are in reasonable agreement with the past results that considered the beam phase-space topology, for many values of the beam initial envelope mismatch.