Hall effect of ferro/antiferromagnetic wallpaper fermions

Abstract

Nonsymmorphic crystals can host characteristic double surface Dirac cones with fourfold degeneracy on the Dirac points, called wallpaper fermion, protected by wallpaper group symmetry. We clarify the charge and spin Hall effect of wallpaper fermions in the presence of the (anti)ferromagnetism. Based on a four-sublattice model, we construct the effective Hamiltonian of wallpaper fermions coupled with the ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic moment. Both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic moments induce an energy gap for the wallpaper fermions, leading to quantized (spin) Hall conductivity. The ferromagnetic wallpaper fermion induces the Hall conductivity quantized into ${e}^{2}/h$, which is twice that for a single Dirac fermion on the surface of topological insulators. On the other hand, the spin Hall conductivity decays and reaches to be a finite value as the antiferromagnetic coupling increases. We also show that the results above are valid for a general model of wallpaper fermions from symmetry consideration.