Abstract
The Orang Asli are in a precarious position compared to other majority groups in Peninsular Malaysia as their customary land rights are continuously infringed upon. This is worrying because land is a vital part of the Orang Asli livelihood. Several issues regarding the provisions of native land rights, acquisition of Orang Asli ancestral land not in line with correct procedure, and issues concerning compensation for any acquisition of ancestral land are the main problems faced by the Orang Asli. Hence, the main objective of this research is to examine the legal rights of the Orang Asli to their ancestral land in Peninsular Malaysia, to throw light on the correct procedure of acquisition of such according to legal provisions, and to compare and contrast acquisition of native ancestral land in Peninsular Malaysia to that in the Philippines. Through a doctrinal and comparative approach, this research hopes to enhance knowledge regarding Orang Asli customary rights to land and land acquisition in Peninsular Malaysia, as well as to aid law-makers to reform existing laws and policies in order to ensure protection of Orang Asli rights in the future.
Highlights
Orang asal merujuk masyarakat asal di sesebuah negara
The Orang Asli are in a precarious position compared to other majority groups in Peninsular Malaysia as their customary land rights are continuously infringed upon
This is worrying because land is a vital part of the Orang Asli livelihood
Summary
Hak tanah adat orang asli merupakan hak yang diperoleh daripada adat resam dan undang-undang adat orang asli yang dikuatkuasakan oleh sesebuah masyarakat. Dalam kes Adong bin Kuwau lwn Kerajaan Negeri Johor, mahkamah telah mentafsirkan Perkara 13 dengan skop yang lebih luas, iaitu hak tanah adat orang asli di bawah Common Law juga dilindungi mengikut peruntukan ini. Beliau menyatakan bahawa dalam pemberian pampasan bagi kes yang melibatkan orang asli, mahkamah perlu lihat beberapa perkara dahulu dari segi: (a) kehilangan tanah warisan; (b) pelucutan kebebasan untuk tinggal dan bergerak mengikut Perkara 9(2) Perlembagaan Persekutuan; (c) tidak mendapat hasil daripada hutan; (d) gangguan kepada kehidupan anak-anak dan keluarga; dan (e) gangguan pada kehidupan masa hadapan generasi mereka. Selanjutnya, dalam kes Sagong bin Tasi v Kerajaan Negeri Selangor[33], hakim kes ini telah mengikut keputusan kes Adong dan mengiktiraf hak orang asli, iaitu, Temuan (plaintif) terhadap pemilikan tanah adat bagi kawasan penempata (settlement) yang diambil oleh defendan untuk pembinaan Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Kuala Lumpur (KLIA) kerana mereka mempunyai hak adat bagi tanah tersebut. Artikel ini seterusnya akan mengkaji secara lebih mendalam tentang masalah pengambilalihan tanah orang asli
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