Abstract
Objective: To understand the Mercury exposure level and the related influence factors in Shanghai preschool Children. Methods: From March to September 2006, based on stratified and cluster sampling method, scalp hair were collected from the 1 to 6-year-old 1975 children (1042 boys and 933 girls) in five districts of Shanghai. The five districts are Jing'an District, Yangpu District, Jiading District, Xuhui District and Chongming District. Hair mercury was measured with DMA-80 mercury measurement instrument. Questionnaire was used to estimate the related risk factors. Results: The minimum value, maximum value, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, geometric mean and median of hair mercury was 30µg/Kg, 4850µg/Kg, 301.45µg/Kg, 366.68µg/Kg, 221.51µg/Kg, 215.00µg/Kg, relatively. Coefficient of skewness was 6.7 and coefficient of abundance was 62.4. The data of children hair mercury was skewed distribution, so the geometric mean can reflect the children's hair mercury level better. Among the 1975 children, 277 from Jing'an District, 391 from Xuhui District, 430 from Yangpu District, 503 from Jiading District and 374 from Chongming District, the geometric mean of five districts was 210.07µg/Kg, 211.24µg/Kg, 219.34µg/Kg, 230.74µg/Kg, 231.78µg/Kg, relatively. There were 30 children whose hair mercury level exceeded 1200µg/Kg (U.S EPA RfD) and they accounted for 1.52% of total. Children's hair mercury as dependent variable, analyzing the habits and customs, family environment and economic status etc as the relative factors, we showed that maternal smoking, father's high education level, high residential floor, decorating children's room with coatings or oil paints, using colorful tableware and frequent intake of tuna were risk factors for high hair mercury level. Conclusion: The GM of total hair mercury of Shanghai preschool children was much low than Spanish preschool children and Japanese Children. Some high-risk factors of mercury exposure were preventable.
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