Abstract
Transient and steady-state measurements of photo-induced birefringence changes due to photorefractive effect in Hf 4 + -doped congruent composition single-domain and periodically poled lithium niobate (LN and PPLN) crystals are presented. The birefringence change is induced by a 532-nm beam and probed by a 633-nm beam. It is found that HfO 2 doping with a saturation concentration of about 4 mol% has very effective influence on reducing of photorefractive effect in LN crystals. Distribution coefficient of Hf 4+ ions in LN crystal is a decreasing function on its initial concentration in the melt.
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