Haematological and haematopoietic effects of feeding different diets and starvation in common carp Cyprinus carpio L

Elżbieta Kondera,Agnieszka Kościuszko,Aneta Dmowska,Małgorzata Witeska

doi:10.1080/09712119.2016.1251926

Elżbieta Kondera, Agnieszka Kościuszko + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2016.1251926

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Abstract

ABSTRACTEffects of starvation and malnutrition on peripheral blood parameters, composition and activity of haematopoietic tissue and oxygen consumption rate were evaluated in common carp. Fish were fed Aller Aqua Classic (control diet), ground barley (diet of low nutritional value) or starved for 15 weeks. Blood was analysed after 3, 7 and 15 weeks. At the end of the experiment, oxygen consumption rate of fish was measured and head kidneys were isolated. Values of most peripheral blood parameters did not significantly differ among experimental groups but erythroblast frequency was reduced in starved fish. Haematopoietic tissue of control fish contained significantly lower percentage of early blast cells and erythroid cells compared to the other groups. Neutrophilic lineage was the least frequent in starved fish, and the most abundant in the control. Frequency of lymphoid, monocytoid and thrombocytoid cells did not significantly differ among experimental groups. The control fish showed significantly higher haematopoietic activity (ratio of proliferating to apoptotic cells) compared to the other groups. Control fish showed the highest oxygen consumption rate and starved fish – the lowest. Starvation or low-quality feeding did not cause anaemia or significant immunodeficiency in carp but reduced haematopoietic activity, which was directly related to the metabolic rate.

Highlights

Feeding is one of the most important factors affecting growth, welfare and physiological performance of fish
Significant differences within groups were observed: fish from A group showed a decrease in RBC accompanied by an increase in Mean cell volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) between the 7th and 15th week, and an MCV increase was observed at the same time in S group
Similar relationship was observed by Abdel-Tawwab et al (2010) for Oreochromis niloticus: RBC, haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and Ht were directly related to the dietary protein level (25–45%)

Summary

Introduction

Feeding is one of the most important factors affecting growth, welfare and physiological performance of fish. Data concerning the effects of feeding and starvation on haematological values in fish are available but little is known about the effects of these factors on haematopoietic system. The values of red blood parameters are usually positively related to the dietary protein level (Daniels & Gallagher 2000; Abdel-Tawwab et al 2010; Habte-Tsion et al 2013), but an inverse relationship was reported (Baruah et al 2009). White blood parameters are usually insensitive to the dietary protein content (Kumar et al 2005; Baruah et al 2009; Habte-Tsion et al 2013; Qiang et al 2013). Dietary deficiencies may adversely affect haematological parameters in fish causing anaemia and immunosuppression (Lim & Klesius 1997)

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