Abstract
Groundwater guarantees water resources and ecological environment security in semi-arid areas. Studying the chemical evolution of groundwater in semi-arid areas is of great significance to regional ecological environment protection and water resources management. The water storage basin is not only a space for groundwater storage and movement but also a place for water–rock–gas interaction and elemental migration, dispersion, and enrichment. Due to its unique climate and geological environment, the semi-arid water storage basins have different hydrochemical environments, forming a zonal hydrogeochemical character. In this study, a typical semi-arid water storage basin (west of Jilin Province) is taken as an example, through the cross section of the recharge–runoff–excretion zone. A three-level hydrogeochemical zoning model is constructed to reveal the hydrogeochemical evolution of the area. The model is divided into three layers from bottom to top. The first layer shows the geological and hydrogeological conditions, including the topography, lithology, geological time, and hydrodynamic characteristics of the study area. The second layer represents the hydrogeochemical processes, divided into the recharge zone, runoff zone, and discharge zone in the horizontal direction according to the hydrodynamic environment and hydrochemistry type. The hydrogeochemical action gradually changes from lixiviation to cation exchange, evaporation, and concentration, as the landform plays a key role in hydrochemistry formation in the discharge area. The third layer gives the characteristics of the groundwater chemical components, including chemistry type, total dissolved solids, main anion and cation, and characteristic element F. Qualitative and quantitative characterizations of hydrochemistry evolution by reverse simulation and hydrodynamic, hydrochemical and thermodynamic indicators are given.
Highlights
Groundwater is an essential part of the global water cycle, serving as the link between the lithosphere, the biosphere, and the atmosphere
The second layer represented hydrogeochemical processes, which was divided into the recharge zone/runoff zone and the discharge zone in the horizontal direction according to the hydrodynamic environment and hydrochemistry types, and the hydrogeochemical action gradually changes from lixiviation to cation exchange/evaporation and concentration
The third layer represented the characteristics of groundwater chemical components, including chemistry type, total dissolved solids (TDS), main anion and cation and the characteristic element F
Summary
Groundwater is an essential part of the global water cycle, serving as the link between the lithosphere, the biosphere, and the atmosphere. Hydrochemistry zonation can be inconspicuous because of local hydrogeochemical environmental anomalies [15,16] These studies indicate that the chemical composition and formation of groundwater cannot be analyzed in isolation from the perspective of just chemistry. For typical hydrogeological water storage structural units, the difference in the scale, direction, and intensity of tectonic movement determines the difference between topography and stratum lithology, causing the groundwater dynamical characteristics, circulation conditions, and intensity of the water–rock–gas interaction to change from the edge to the center of the structural unit, which will affect the direction and progress of the chemical evolution of groundwater [1]. For other semi-arid water storage basins, this study of chemistry evolution has a guiding significance.
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