Habitual dietary intake of IBD patients differs from population controls: a case\u2013control study

Vera Peters,Morris A Swertz,Rinse K Weersma,Jackie A M Dekens,Marjo J E Campmans-Kuijpers,Behrooz Z Alizadeh,Cisca Wijmenga,Ettje F Tigchelaar-Feenstra,Gerard Dijkstra,Lude H Franke,Floris Imhann

doi:10.1007/s00394-020-02250-z

Vera Peters, Morris A Swertz + Show 9 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02250-z

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Abstract

BackgroundSince evidence-based dietary guidelines are lacking for IBD patients, they tend to follow “unguided” dietary habits; potentially leading to nutritional deficiencies and detrimental effects on disease course. Therefore, we compared dietary intake of IBD patients with controls.MethodsDietary intake of macronutrients and 25 food groups of 493 patients (207 UC, 286 CD), and 1291 controls was obtained via a food frequency questionnaire.Results38.6% of patients in remission had protein intakes below the recommended 0.8 g/kg and 86.7% with active disease below the recommended 1.2 g/kg. Multinomial logistic regression, corrected for age, gender and BMI, showed that (compared to controls) UC patients consumed more meat and spreads, but less alcohol, breads, coffee and dairy; CD patients consumed more non-alcoholic drinks, potatoes, savoury snacks and sugar and sweets but less alcohol, dairy, nuts, pasta and prepared meals. Patients with active disease consumed more meat, soup and sugar and sweets but less alcohol, coffee, dairy, prepared meals and rice; patients in remission consumed more potatoes and spreads but less alcohol, breads, dairy, nuts, pasta and prepared meals.ConclusionsPatients avoiding potentially favourable foods and gourmandizing potentially unfavourable foods are of concern. Special attention is needed for protein intake in the treatment of these patients.

Highlights

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), comprising ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are tedious and incapacitating disorders, impairing quality of life of patients and raising healthcare costs for society [1, 2]
In the context of Parelsnoer” Initiative (PSI), dietary data of outpatients of the 1000IBD cohort were obtained via an Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) [41, 42]
Patients consumed less potentially unfavourable food groups such as alcohol, pasta and prepared meals. They consumed more of potentially unfavourable food groups such as meat, non-alcoholic drinks, and sugar & sweets

Summary

Introduction

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), comprising ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are tedious and incapacitating disorders, impairing quality of life of patients and raising healthcare costs for society [1, 2]. High intakes of energy, dairy and cheese [18] are suggested as potential dietary risk factors. Since evidence-based dietary guidelines are lacking for IBD patients, they tend to follow “unguided” dietary habits; potentially leading to nutritional deficiencies and detrimental effects on disease course. We compared dietary intake of IBD patients with controls. Multinomial logistic regression, corrected for age, gender and BMI, showed that (compared to controls) UC patients consumed more meat and spreads, but less alcohol, breads, coffee and dairy; CD patients consumed more non-alcoholic drinks, potatoes, savoury snacks and sugar and sweets but less alcohol, dairy, nuts, pasta and prepared meals. Patients with active disease consumed more meat, soup and sugar and sweets but less alcohol, coffee, dairy, prepared meals and rice; patients in remission consumed more potatoes and spreads but less alcohol, breads, dairy, nuts, pasta and prepared meals. Special attention is needed for protein intake in the treatment of these patients

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