Habitat used by Macrhybopsis chubs associated with channel modifying structures in a large regulated river: implications for river modification

Abstract

AbstractWe examined use of channel modifying structures (CMS; e.g., engineered rock dikes, channel sandbars) and their associated smaller spatial‐scale habitats (SSH) on lower Missouri River, USA, by speckled chub (Macrhybopsis aestivalis), sicklefin chub (M. meeki) and sturgeon chub (M. gelida) from June through October, 2006 to identify important habitat characteristics that could aid conservation. We sampled chubs primarily in six CMS types: L‐dikes, wing‐dikes, kicker dikes, rootless dikes, channel sandbars and bank‐lines. Ninety‐three per cent of chubs were collected from L‐dikes, wing‐dikes and channel sandbars. Unidentifiable Macrhybopsis chubs (UHY) were less than 35‐mm TL, were collected early in the sampling season and were most associated with L‐dikes where mean bottom current velocity was slow (0.07 m/s). Chubs large enough to be identified to species were associated with large channel sandbars where mean bottom current velocity was faster (0.34 m/s). Chubs from wing‐dikes were more abundant in shallow water (<1.2 m deep) adjacent to bars than in deeper (>1.2 m deep), open‐water areas (p = 0.007). Month accounted for 54% and CMS with SSH 18% of explained variation in chub species distribution and abundance. Our results demonstrate that CMS in the contemporary lower Missouri River channel provide multiple habitats for multiple life‐stages of Macrhybopsis chubs (e.g., nursery and post‐nursery habitats). L‐ and wing‐dikes may provide surrogate nursery habitats for chubs where in‐channel slow‐velocity areas were lost after river channelization. Managing CMS to address life history stages and an ecologically appropriate proportion and distribution of dike to channel sandbar habitats may be critical for conservation of native Macrhybopsis chubs in lower Missouri River. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.