Abstract
BackgroundLarval source management is a promising component of integrated malaria control and elimination. This requires development of a framework to target productive locations through process-based understanding of habitat hydrology and geomorphology. MethodsWe conducted the first catchment scale study of fine resolution spatial and temporal variation in Anopheles habitat and productivity in relation to rainfall, hydrology and geomorphology for a high malaria transmission area of Tanzania.ResultsMonthly aggregates of rainfall, river stage and water table were not significantly related to the abundance of vector larvae. However, these metrics showed strong explanatory power to predict mosquito larval abundances after stratification by water body type, with a clear seasonal trend for each, defined on the basis of its geomorphological setting and origin.ConclusionHydrological and geomorphological processes governing the availability and productivity of Anopheles breeding habitat need to be understood at the local scale for which larval source management is implemented in order to effectively target larval source interventions. Mapping and monitoring these processes is a well-established practice providing a tractable way forward for developing important malaria management tools.
Highlights
There is a growing need to target malaria vector mosquitoes at their environmental resources through larval source management [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
Three quarters of the larvae identified to species level were not An. gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis or An. funestus, the major contributors to malaria transmission in Africa [39,41]
An. gambiae s.s. were found and only small numbers of An. funestus were identified, whereas one quarter of the larvae tested were identified as An. arabiensis
Summary
There is a growing need to target malaria vector mosquitoes at their environmental resources through larval source management [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Larval source management is a promising component of integrated malaria control and elimination This requires development of a framework to target productive locations through process-based understanding of habitat hydrology and geomorphology. Conclusion: Hydrological and geomorphological processes governing the availability and productivity of Anopheles breeding habitat need to be understood at the local scale for which larval source management is implemented in order to effectively target larval source interventions. Mapping and monitoring these processes is a well-established practice providing a tractable way forward for developing important malaria management tools
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