Abstract
We examined the efficacy and safety of inactivated influenza vaccine when the amount of HA influenza vaccination in children was increased to the dose recommended by the WHO. The purpose of this study was to obtain basic evidence to review the vaccination dose in Japanese children. HA influenza vaccine produced by the Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (Biken) licenced in Japan was administered through vaccination at the international dose, and split HA influenza vaccine produced by Sanofi Pasteur corp. (Sanofi) was used as control. Children from 6 months to less than 13 years of age were registered, and vaccinated with doses of 0.25 mL or 0.5 mL. Clinical symptoms during the influenza season were monitored to investigate vaccine efficacy, and information on adverse reactions was collected to evaluate safety profile. Paired serum HI and NT antibody titers were measured at pre first dose and post second dose of vaccination. Both HI and NT antibody titers for H1N1 subtype were satisfactory elevated after administration of both vaccines. Elevation of the NT antibody titer for the H3N2 subtype was observed for both vaccines, but the H3N2 HI antibody titer for the Biken vaccine was not so high. For the subtype B virus, the NT titer had a better response than the HI titer for both vaccines. As only the H1N1 virus was prevalent in the area during the study period, we performed factor analysis concerning influenza contraction only for the H1N1 antibody titer. An HI titer of 1 : 40 or more at post-vaccination was a significant factor to lower the risk of influenza contraction. The relative risk for fever among children with an HI titer of 1 : 20 or less was significantly higher than those with an HI titer of 1 : 40 or more. Children with a higher HI titer had better prevention against fever, so that both vaccines were considered to be effective. As for the appearance of adverse reactions, both vaccines were considered to be safe. From the above-mentioned results, vaccination with the Japanese Biken vaccine at an international dose was thought to be an effective and safe procedure.
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