H9N2 influenza viruses from Bangladesh: Transmission in chicken and New World quail.

Patrick Seiler,John Franks,Karthik Shanmuganatham,Scott Krauss,Lisa Kercher,Sharmin Akhtar,M Kamrul Hasan,Richard J Webby,Pamela Mckenzie,Lisa Jones‐Engel,Jasmine Turner,S M Rabiul Alam,Robert G Webster,Mohammed M Feeroz,David Walker

doi:10.1111/irv.12589

Patrick Seiler, John Franks + Show 13 more

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https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12589

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The H9N2 influenza viruses that have become established in Bangladeshi live poultry markets possess five gene segments of the highly pathogenic H7N3 avian influenza virus. We assessed the replication, transmission, and disease potential of three H9N2 viruses in chickens and New World quail. Each virus replicated to high titers and transmitted by the airborne route to contacts in both species. Infected chickens showed no disease signs, and the viruses differed in their disease potential in New World quail. New World quail were more susceptible than chickens to H9N2 viruses and shed virus after airborne transmission for 10 days. Consequently, New World quail are a potential threat in the maintenance and spread of influenza virus in live poultry markets.

Highlights

Eurasian H9N2 influenza viruses came to prominence in the mid-1990s when they were shown to contribute the six internal gene segments of the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus.[1]
This study shows that the New World quail (Bobwhite species) is more susceptible to infection with Bangladeshi H9N2 influenza virus than chicken
Each of the H9N2 viruses replicated to a high titer in the respiratory tract of both chickens and quail, with low- level shedding in the feces

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Introduction

Eurasian H9N2 influenza viruses came to prominence in the mid-1990s when they were shown to contribute the six internal gene segments of the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus.[1]. In Bangladesh, the circulating H9N2 influenza virus arose from a different reassortment and possesses five gene segments (PB1, PA, NP, M, and NS) derived from HPAI H7N3 viruses.[5] We have determined the replication, transmissibility, and disease potential of these Bangladeshi H9N2 viruses in chickens and New World quail. Previous studies have shown that bobwhite quail support influenza virus replication with receptors in their respiratory tract.[6,7] White leghorn specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens (Gallus domesticus) aged 6 weeks were used.

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