Abstract

As reported by WHO in its most recent report, H5N1 influenza virus affects mostly children. Differences in morbidity depending on the age could be explained, at least in part, by the differences in the immune response between children and adults. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of H5N1 influenza haemagglutinin on the cytokine secretion profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from both children and adult healthy donors. We compared the profiles of 19 cytokines and chemokines released after exposure to PBMCs obtained from 30 healthy children and 30 healthy adults to a recombinant glycosylated H5 haemagglutinin after 24 h of culture with this antigen, compared to untreated control cells. Donors had not been exposed previously to the virus, as evidenced by the absence of haemagglutination inhibition activity in their plasma samples. Direct contact of PBMCs from both children and adults with the haemagglutinin of H5N1 virus induced increased levels of IL-6, MCP-1 and MIP-1β in the culture supernatants compared to control. Supernatants of adult PBMCs also showed increased levels of IL-8 and IP-10. The results of our study supports the idea that, in the absence of protective immunity, the haemagglutinin of the H5N1 virus is able to induce the release of pro-inflammatory mediators by direct contact with PBMCs. Some of these mediators (IL-6, MCP-1 and MIP-1β) are induced regardless of age and have been previously reported to be associated with a poor control of viral replication in severe patients and animal models. Informes recientes de la Organización Mundial de la salud demuestran que el virus gripal H5N1 afecta principalmente a niños. La morbilidad dependiendo de la edad podría explicarse, al menos en parte, por una respuesta inmune diferente en los niños y los adultos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la hemaglutinina del virus H5N1 en la secreción de citocinas en células mononucleares de sangre periférica (CMSP) en donantes adultos y niños. En este estudio comparamos los perfiles de secreción de 19 citocinas y quimiocinas en cultivos de CMSP de 30 niños y 30 adultos sanos 24 horas después de su estimulación con la hemaglutinina glicosilada H5, comparándolo con células control sin tratar. La ausencia de actividad de inhibición de la hemaglutinación demostró que ninguno de los donantes habían estado en contacto previo con el virus. El contacto directo de las CMSP con la hemaglutinina del virus H5N1 indujo un incremento respecto a los controles de los niveles de IL-6, MCP-1 y MIP-1β, tanto en niños como en adultos. Además, los sobrenadantes de cultivo de CMSP de adultos tenían mayores niveles de IL-8 e IP-10. Los resultados de nuestro estudio apoyan la idea de que, en ausencia de inmunidad protectora, el contacto directo entre la hemaglutinina del virus y las CMSP es capaz de inducir la liberación mediadores pro-inflamatorios. Algunos de estos mediadores (IL-6, MCP-1 y MIP-1β) se secretan de forma independiente a la edad, y se han relacionado con anterioridad con un mal control de la replicación del virus en pacientes graves o en modelos animales.

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