H-ZSM-5 Zeolite Synthesis by Sourcing Silica from the Wheat Husk Ash: Characterization and Application as a Versatile Heterogeneous Catalyst in Organic Transformations including Some Multicomponent Reactions

Isak Rajjak Shaikh,Alamgir Abdulla Shaikh,Rafique Ahmed Shaikh,Javeed Ahmad War,Ahmad Lalahmad Shaikh,Shankar Poshetti Hangirgekar,Rafik Rajjak Shaikh,Parveen Rajjak Shaikh

doi:10.1155/2015/805714

Abstract

ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized by sourcing silica from wheat husk ash and was converted into its protonated form following careful, conventionally accepted ion-exchange method and calcinations. The H-ZSM-5 zeolite (Si/Al ratio = 30) prepared was appropriately characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, TG-DTA, CV, and so forth, and evaluated as recyclable catalyst in selective organic transformations including three- and four-component reactions. The catalytic activity of the zeolite sample supposedly relates to increased density of the accessible acid sites.

Highlights

Zeolites and related nanoporous materials are widely used as adsorbents, ion-exchangers, and catalysts [1]
X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed with a D8 Advance Bruker diffractometer, 40 KV, 40 mA current to check if they have the characteristic microporous zeolite structure of the Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5)
This research paper reported the hydrothermal synthesis of ZSM-5, a microporous aluminosilicate, by sourcing silica from wheat husk ash and its further modification to its protonated form (H-ZSM-5) having Si to Al ratio 30

Summary

Introduction

Zeolites and related nanoporous materials are widely used as adsorbents, ion-exchangers, and catalysts [1]. Researchers have recognized that high-value nanoporous materials and zeolites, identical to that prepared using chemical sources, can be synthesized in the presence of organic templates by utilizing lowvalue rice husk ash as a sustainable silica source [4]. Biomass (fly) ashes especially from grain polish plant/power stations or fuel pellet combustion [7] are recognized as raw material with soil remediation properties and fertilizers [8, 9] due to their constituents such as potassium (as KCl or K2SO4), magnesium (as MgO), or phosphorus (as phosphates). In particular the bottom ashes, are rich in silica [10] and so recovering value added products or preparing materials from bottom ashes, especially from grain milling plants/grain polish stations, or power stations is desirable. The ashes from rice husk/hulls [4] and Miscanthus grass [11] have shown the potential for forming silicate solutions by alkaline extraction and that can further be used to synthesize high-value materials

Methods

Results

Conclusion