Abstract
Collisionless time evolution of zonal flows in ion and electron temperature gradient turbulence in toroidal plasmas is investigated. The responses of the zonal‐flow potential to the initial perturbation and to the turbulence source are determined from the gyrokinetic equations combined with the Poisson equation, A novel gyrofluid model is presented, which properly describes the zonal‐flow time evolution and reproduces the same residual zonal‐flow levels as predicted by the gyrokinetic model.
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