Gut microbiota, determined by dietary nutrients, drive modification of the plasma lipid profile and insulin resistance

Yoshiyuki Watanabe,Shiho Fujisaka,Kazutaka Ikeda,Masaki Ishikawa,Takahiro Yamada,Allah Nawaz,Tomonobu Kado,Takahide Kuwano,Ayumi Nishimura,Muhammad Bilal,Jianhui Liu,Kunimasa Yagi,Koji Hase,Kazuyuki Tobe

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102445

Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Shiho Fujisaka + Show 12 more

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102445

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SummaryThe gut microbiota metabolizes the nutrients to produce various metabolites that play crucial roles in host metabolism. However, the links between the microbiota established by different nutrients and the microbiota-influenced changes in the plasma lipids remain unclear. Diets rich in cornstarch, fructose, branched chain amino acids, soybean oil (SO), or lard established a unique microbiota and had influence on glucose metabolism, which was partially reproduced by transferring the microbiota. Comparison of plasma lipidomic analysis between germ-free and colonized mice revealed significant impacts of the microbiota on various lipid classes, and of note, the microbiota established by the SO diet, which was associated with the greatest degree of glucose intolerance, caused the maximum alteration of the plasma lipid profile. Thus, the gut microbiota composed of dietary nutrients was associated with dynamic changes in the lipids potentially having differential effects on glucose metabolism.

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In recent years, it has become clear that the gut microbiota are one of the major regulatory factors of the host metabolism (Nicholson et al, 2012)
Fructose, branched chain amino acids, soybean oil (SO), or lard established a unique microbiota and had influence on glucose metabolism, which was partially reproduced by transferring the microbiota
Comparison of plasma lipidomic analysis between germ-free and colonized mice revealed significant impacts of the microbiota on various lipid classes, and of note, the microbiota established by the SO diet, which was associated with the greatest degree of glucose intolerance, caused the maximum alteration of the plasma lipid profile

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Introduction

It has become clear that the gut microbiota are one of the major regulatory factors of the host metabolism (Nicholson et al, 2012). More evidence to suggest that the gut microbiota exert an important influence on metabolism is that germ-free (GF) mice show resistance to the development of obesity and glucose intolerance (Rabot et al, 2010). One of the underlying mechanisms is believed to be that in the absence of the gut microbiota, GF mice cannot utilize energy sources, such as short-chain FAs. comparisons between GF and conventional mice, reared in normal specific-pathogen-free (SPF) breeding environments, by mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics have revealed that the gut microbiota regulate the levels of various host metabolites, and at least 145 metabolites were detected that were unique to conventional mice (Wikoff et al, 2009).

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