Gut microbiota and the human gut physiological changes

Ousman Bajinka,Lamin B. Cham,Alansana Darboe,Yurong Tan,Khalid A. Abdelhalim

doi:10.1186/s13213-020-01608-2

Ousman Bajinka, Lamin B. Cham + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-020-01608-2

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Abstract

BackgroundThe human gut can be colonized by number of microorganisms. The most studied are bacteria, which changes from birth to newborn born into adult-like gut microbiota. Much is known about the effects of dietary, medications, and lifestyles on the bacterial composition. However, the host physiological changes influencing the gut microbiota, the immediate consequences, and the possible gut microbiota therapy are not studied at length. This review is based profoundly on animal model studies through experimentation and some human clinical trials for the past 20 years.ForwardThe physiological factors studied to influences gut microbiota are bacterial mucosal receptors, mucin glycosylation, mucus, epithelial microvilli, and tight junction. Host secretions and immune response such as immunity, secretory A (sIgA), inflammasome, innate immunity, immune response, glycans, bile acids, peristalsis, microRNA, and adhesion to intestinal glycans are as well found to confer variety of alterations on gut microbial flora.ConclusionDespite the resilience of the gut microbiota in response to changes, chain of events causes the imbalance microbiota. Increased pro-inflammatory potential with the help of cell barriers, host secretions, and immune response mediate gut recovery.

Highlights

Diversity of bacterial population in the gut is associated with gut microbiota of healthy individuals
This review aims at digging into the knowledge gap regarding physiological factors influencing gut microbes, the alterations caused in the gut, the immediate consequences and their alternative gut therapy
We focus mainly on mucus layers, epithelial microvilli, and tight junctions (TJs), immune factors, inflammasome, and host secretions

Summary

Introduction

Diversity of bacterial population in the gut is associated with gut microbiota of healthy individuals. The snowball effect of these physiological changes are seen when commensals are dominated by pathogonic strains. These might pose pathogenic futures and change the bacterial function metabolically in the gut (Qiu et al, 2020a, b). Natural variations such as genes and mutation influence gut microbiota. The host physiological changes influencing the gut microbiota, the immediate consequences, and the possible gut microbiota therapy are not studied at length. Forward: The physiological factors studied to influences gut microbiota are bacterial mucosal receptors, mucin glycosylation, mucus, epithelial microvilli, and tight junction. Host secretions and immune response such as immunity, secretory A (sIgA), inflammasome, innate immunity, immune response, glycans, bile acids, peristalsis, microRNA, and adhesion to intestinal glycans are as well found to confer variety of alterations on gut microbial flora

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Conclusion