Gut Microbiome and Human Health- A Brief Overview

Abstract

Abstract: Humans have co-evolved with microorganisms, which play a pivotal role in determining the overall well-being of biological systems. Evolution has made certain species of bacteria thrive in the human gut, utilising the catabolized nutrients of the host and exhibiting symbiosis. It chiefly comprises a densely populated group of microbes, collectively called the Gut Microbiota. The relationship between the human system and the gut microbiome is a very sparsely introduced subject yet managed to catch everyone's eye, just for its sheer complexity. The nature and type of microbe present in the gut vary widely with respect to socio-economic, ethnic, and geographic influences. There has been extensive study done and some are underway showcasing the potential link between the gut-microbiome and the host, humans. As amusing as the gut-microbiome it is, its relationship with the host is quite remarkable. The gut-human connection is important in metabolism, coordination (brain axis), immunity, and, of course, disease. The diseases that were known earlier have recently been known to be associated with the gut microflora. Hence, this area of gut and human health has been in the focus of researchers and scientists in recent times. In this review literature, we have tried to consolidate the health aspects of humans influenced by gut dysbiosis. A few interactions are also discussed, like metabolic activity, gut-brain axis, drug action, diet influence, and immunity. This literature is aimed at showcasing the association and complexity of the gut microbiome with human health.