Guiding properties of proton-implanted Nd3+-doped phosphate glass waveguides**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11405041 and 61475189) and NUPTSF, China (Grant Nos. NY214159, NY215007, and NY215113).

Abstract

We report on the fabrication and properties of an optical waveguide in Nd3+-doped phosphate glass. The planar waveguide was obtained by 550-keV proton implantation with a dose of . The proton–glass interaction was simulated by the stopping and range of ions in matter (SRIM software). The characteristics of the waveguide including the refractive index profile and the near-field intensity distribution were studied by the reflectivity calculation method and the end-face coupling technique. The optical waveguide demonstrated multi-mode behavior at the wavelength of 632.8 nm. The propagation features of the proton-implanted Nd3+-doped phosphate glass waveguide shows its potential to operate as an integrated photonic device.