Guidelines, training and quality assurance: influence on general practitioner MRI referral quality

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an accurate diagnostic test used mainly in secondary care. Uncertainty exists regarding the ability of general practitioners (GPs) to use direct access high-tech imaging pathways appropriately when managing musculoskeletal injury. AIM To evaluate the use of primary care-centric guidelines, training and quality assurance on the appropriateness of GP MRI referrals for patients with selected musculoskeletal injuries. METHODS This is an 18-month primary care retrospective study. GPs participated in clinical musculoskeletal training, enabling patient referral for MRI on four body sites. Two reviewers categorised referral appropriateness independently, and reviewer inter-rater agreement between categorisations was measured. MRI results and patient management pathways were described. Associations of scan status and patient management were examined using logistic regression. RESULTS In total, 273 GPs from 72 practices attended training sessions to receive MRI referral accreditation. Of these, 150 (55%) GPs requested 550 MRI scans, with 527 (96%) eligible for analysis, resulting in 86% considered appropriate; 79% consistent with guidelines and 7% clinically useful but for conditions outside of guidelines. Inter-rater agreement was 75%. Cohen's weighted kappa statistic was 0.38 (95% CI: 0.28-0.48). MRI referrals consistent with guidelines were more likely to show pathology requiring specialist intervention (reviewer 1: odds ratio=2.64, 95% CI 1.51-4.62; reviewer 2: odds ratio=4.44, 95% CI 2.47-7.99), compared to scan requests graded not consistent. DISCUSSION Study findings indicate GPs use decision support guidance well, and this has resulted in appropriate MRI referrals and higher specialist intervention rates for selected conditions.