Abstract
Abstract Differentiated somatic cells can be engineered into pluripotent stem cells, which have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell lineage; these are known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Different techniques are used for the generation of iPSC from somatic cells. The discovery of iPSC has led to the opening of a wide variety of applications in the fields of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, disease modeling, nanotechnology, and drug discovery. In this review, we discuss reprogramming techniques for the derivation of iPSC and the advantages of iPSC over embryonic stem cells, and mainly focus on the relevance to regenerative medicine of several types of biomaterial-guided differentiation of iPSC to different cell types. In recent years, the fabrication of biomaterial has grown from basic materials to the development of biomaterial scaffolds with the ability to guide processes like proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis. Natural extracellular matrix offers a perfect microenvironment for biochemical, topographical and electric signals for cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Hence, there is a need to fabricate a biomaterial scaffold with the properties of immunologically inert, biodegradable, biochemical and physical cues with high biocompatibility for iPSC differentiation. This review outlines the rationale for using biomaterial-guided differentiation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine through the use of appropriate biomaterial that can permit the iPSC to adhere, proliferate and finally differentiate into particular functional somatic cells.
Published Version
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