Growth Strategies and Value Creation: What Works Best for Stock Exchanges?

Abstract

In recent years, demutualized stock exchanges have increasingly engaged in M&A and alliance activities. To shed light on this topic, we investigate short-run share price responses to the formation of 110 stock exchange M&As and alliances in the period 2000–2008. Our findings show that the average stock-price responses to a stock-exchange M&A or alliance is positive. Stock exchange M&As create more value than alliances. For alliances, joint ventures generate more value than non-equity alliances. More value is created when the integration is horizontal and cross-border than when it is vertical and domestic. Evidence is also found for learning-by-doing effects in stock exchange integration activities. Finally, we find that the better the shareholder protection, accounting standards and degree of capital market development in the partnering exchange’s country, the higher the merger and alliance premium. These patterns also obtain when we examine long-run performance measures such as the three-year buy-and-hold abnormal return, change in ROA (ROE), change in liquidity, and change in market capitalization of IPO between years t-2 and t 2.