Growth responses of birch and Sitka spruce exposed to acidified rain

Abstract

Seedlings of birch and Sitka spruce were grown on a range of British soils for 2 years and exposed to simulated acid rainfall treatments of pHs 5·6, 4·5, 3·5 and 2·5. Both species developed visible leaf injury patterns when exposed to the pH 2·5 treatment. In Sitka spruce this leaf injury was followed by high needle loss during the first winter and greater mortality. Generally, height growth of Sitka spruce was unaffected by treatments, but acid rainfall at pH 2·5 increased the height of birch. Mean height of both species was strongly affected by soil type. Significant soils × treatment effects on the heights of both species indicated that on some soils plant growth responses to the treatments did not fit the general pattern. Hence, while the results indicate that generally ambient acidities of rainfall in the UK are unlikely to adversely affect the growth of birch or Sitka spruce, plants growing on some soils may be susceptible to injury.