Abstract
Simple SummaryPoultry makes a substantial contribution to food security and nutrition. A growing human population and rising incomes have resulted in an increased demand for white meat. Poultry is the fastest growing animal production sector. Rutin, a natural growth and health promoter, was used at three levels for broiler feed (0.25, 0.5 or 1 g rutin/kg). Supplementing broiler diets with rutin, especially at 1 g/kg, has a variety of growth-promoting effects. It enhances antioxidant capacity and suppresses lipogenesis, thereby reducing fat deposition and serum lipid levels. The results demonstrate that the observed benefits can be achieved without compromising economic profits.The effects of rutin on growth performance, hematological and biochemical profiles, antioxidant capacity, economics and the relative expression of selected antioxidants and lipid-related genes were studied in broiler chickens over 42 days. A total of 200 one-day-old female Ross-308 broiler chickens were distributed into four groups, with five replicates of 10 individuals per replicate. They were fed with 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5 or 1 g rutin/kg supplementation in their basal diet. Dietary rutin supplementation, especially the 1 g/kg diet, increased body weight gain, the protein efficiency ratio (p < 0.001) and both white blood cell and lymphocyte counts (p < 0.001). However, it had no effect on total protein, albumin, globulin, or alanine transaminase. A high concentration of rutin (0.5 and 1 g/kg) also significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (p < 0.001), as well as malondialdehyde concentrations (p = 0.001). A high concentration diet also increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Of the lipid-related genes examined, acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase were significantly down-regulated in the livers of rutin-fed individuals, whereas carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha were significantly up-regulated. Therefore, rutin supplementation at 1 g/kg has the potential to improve the productive performance and health status of broiler chickens.
Highlights
The use of antibiotics as growth promoters has recently been prohibited all over the world, owing to increased concerns over food safety, environmental contamination and general health risks, which has subsequently spurred animal scientists and producers to identify alternative supplements that can be used to improve animal growth, immunity and meat quality [1]
Broilers fed a diet supplemented with the highest level of rutin (1 g/kg) exhibited a greater body weight, body weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.001)
The present study demonstrated that dietary rutin supplementation has a significant effect on serum alanine aminotransferase levels, which suggests that rutin possesses hepatoprotective properties and that these properties could possibly be attributed to cytokine production, which has been reported to provide hepatoprotection in a variety of liver injury models [43]
Summary
The use of antibiotics as growth promoters has recently been prohibited all over the world, owing to increased concerns over food safety, environmental contamination and general health risks, which has subsequently spurred animal scientists and producers to identify alternative supplements that can be used to improve animal growth, immunity and meat quality [1]. Plant polyphenols have attracted attention as alternatives to antibiotics, owing to their growth-promoting potential, antioxidant capacity and immunomodulatory properties [2,3], and such polyphenols, especially flavonoids, have been reported to possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, antithrombotic, antimutagenic and hepatoprotective properties [4]. The compound exhibits a number of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant [6], anti-inflammatory [7], anticarcinogenic [8], neuroprotective [9], vasoprotective [10] and cardioprotective activities [11]. It exhibits mucus protective and anti-ulcer effects by inhibiting the gastric proton pump [12]. Rutin could possibly be used to prevent certain diseases and to protect genome stability, thereby improving animal production
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