Abstract
A series of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystals of congruent and stoichiometric compositions, doped with erbium, have been grown under non-steady-state thermal conditions. A series of LiNbO3:Zn crystals, nominally pure LiNbO3 crystals of congruent and stoichiometric compositions, and a LiNbO3:B crystal have also been grown. Both growth conditions and concentration dependences of physicochemical, ferroelectric, and structural characteristics of LiNbO3:Er crystals are investigated. The growth regular domain microstructures and periodic nanostructures in LiNbO3:Er crystals are analyzed by optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A comparative study of the optical homogeneity and photorefractive properties of LiNbO3:Er crystals of congruent and stoichiometric compositions and the Raman spectra of LiNbO3 crystals of different compositions is performed.
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