Growth mechanism of surface scales on Ni–Fe–Cr alloys at 960 °C in air

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The oxidation mechanism of Ni–Fe–Cr alloys was studied at 960 °C in air. The results showed that an outward-growing (Ni,Fe)3O4/Fe2O3 layer and a Cr internal oxidation zone were initially formed on Ni–Fe–10Cr alloy. With increasing oxidation time, a continuous Cr2O3 inner layer was developed between internal oxidation zone and substrate, and subsequently the internal oxidation zone was further oxidized into (Ni,Fe,Cr)3O4 spinel layer. For the Ni–Fe–15Cr alloy, a thin Cr2O3 layer was firstly formed and broken down after 5 h. Then the development process of scale was similar to that on Ni–Fe–10Cr alloy.