Growth Characteristics of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) Cultivars according to Growth Period in Early Cultivation

Abstract

본 연구에서는 소비자의 선호 품종의 변화 및 고구마 조기생산을 위한 삽식 및 수확시기 변화에 대응하기 위하여 주요 품종의 삽식 시기에 따른 생육기간별 고구마 생육 특성을 구명하였다. 분질고구마(율미, 진홍미)의 괴근 형성은 삽식 후 50일에 괴근 무게는 각각 4.1, 8.6 g이었으며, 두 품종에서 80일 이후 급격하게 무게가 증가하였고 120일에 괴근 평균 무게는 율미 120.7 g, 진홍미 79.4 g 으로 나타났다. 중간질고구마(풍원미, 호감미)는 삽식 50일 후 괴근 무게가 각각 13.0, 3.3 g이었으며 삽식 후 120일에 괴근 무게는 풍원미 104.2 g, 호감미 68.1 g이었다. 자색고구마(신자미, 단자미)의 괴근형성은 삽식 후 50일에 시작되었으며, 120일에 괴근 무게는 신자미 132.7 g, 단자미 68.0 g이었다. 조기재배 시 율미와 풍원미, 신자미는 삽식 후 120일 전후로 수확이 가능한 조기비대성 품종, 진홍미는 삽식 후 130일, 호감미 단자미는 삽식 후 130일 이상 되어야 수확가능한 만기비대성 품종으로 판단된다. To obtain basic data on the effects of differences cultivation periods and methods on growth and development of sweet potato tuber. We investigated growth and development of six major cultivars showing different characteristics, such as dry type(Yulmi, YM; Jinhongmi, JHM), intermediate type(Pungwonmi, PWM; Hogammi, HGM), and purple type(Sinjami, SJM; Danjami, DJM). The average tuber weight of YM and JHM was 4.1 and 8.6 g respectively, 50 days after transplant. At 80 days, the weight of YM and JHM rapidly increased to 25.2 and 26.1 g, respectively. Finally, at 120 days, the weight of YM and JHM increased to 120.7 and 79.4 g, respectively. The average tuber weight of PWM and HGM was 13 and 3.3 g, respectively, 50 days after transplant. The development pattern of PWM showed a consistent increase in tuber weight during the cultivation period, an average weight of 104.2 g at 120 days. However, the tuber development pattern of HGM was different from that of PWM. The average tuber weight of HGM rapidly increased for 100 days after transplant and then showed no increase at 120 days. In case of purple type sweet potato, the average tuber weight of SJM consistently increased during the cultivation period, whereas DJM showed rapid increase in average tuber weight at 80 days after transplant. Korean consumers prefer small, round sweet potato approximately 100g in weight. Based on the results, YM, PWM and SJM are classified as early developing cultivars that can be harvested approximately 120 days after transplant. On the other hand, JHM, HGM, and DJM are classified as late developing cultivars that can be harvested approximately 130 days after transplant.