Growth and Yield of Broccoli Vegetables (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) on Types and Dosages of Manure

Abstract

Broccoli is a vegetable commodity that has high commercial value and prospects in Indonesia, because of its role in fulfilling food, feed, and industrial needs. In cultivating broccoli plants, they still face production problems due to nutrient availability problems. Farmers generally use chemical fertilizers continuously. Continuous use of chemical fertilizers will increase soil acidity, damage the physical condition of the soil, reduce organic matter, make plants vulnerable to pests and disease, and reduce soil microbial life. Many consumers are interested in organic broccoli. The use of organic fertilizer as an alternative to chemical (inorganic) fertilizer can reduce environmental pollution and create healthy broccoli (Brassica oleracea) vegetable products. One of the organic fertilizers is manure which is a waste product from domestic animals such as chickens, goats, and pigs which are generally found in Tomohon City. Manure can be used to add nutrients, and improve the physical and biological properties of soil. The quality of manure depends on the animal and greatly influences crop yields. The research objectives are: (1) Studying the effect of the interaction between the type and dose of manure on broccoli growth and yield, (2) Obtaining the type and dose of manure that provides the highest growth and yield of broccoli, and (3) Get semi-organic broccoli by using a 25% dose of compound nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) fertilizer. To achieve the above objectives, this research used a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with 2 treatment factors and 3 replications the first factor was the type of manure (A) which consisted of A1: Chicken manure, A2: Goat manure, A3: Pig manure. The second factor is the dose of manure (B) which consists of B0: 125 kg NPK/hectare, B1: 20 manure/hectare, B2: 30 kg/hectare. The observation variables include plant height, number of leaves, diameter of broccoli per plant, and wet weight of broccoli per plant. Data analysis uses Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). If the results of the analysis show that there is an effect of treatment, then continue with the BNT test at the 5% level. The results showed that the treatment with goat manure at a dose of 20 tons/hectare and without manure at half the recommended dose of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium gave the highest number of leaves (18.67 and 19.67 leaves). The best broccoli crop diameter was treated with goat manure at a dose of 20 and 30 tons/hectare. The weight of the best broccoli crop in goat and pig manure at a dose of 20 tons/hectare was 47.67 grams.